• What are the causes of aortic stenosis?
  • What are the causes of sudden death in aortic stenosis?
  • How does stenosis occur?
  • What is the pathophysiology of aortic stenosis?
  • Why does weakness in the arm occur after aortic valve endocarditis?
  • Which coagulation system will not be affected by warfarin?
  • What is a thrombus?
  • What are the surgical options for valve replacement?
  • What is the alternative option for aortic valve replacement?
  • Why should a metallic valve be removed if a patient develops IE?
  • What is the cause of microscopic branching hyphae on a removed metallic valve?
  • Compare Mechanical vs. tissue valve.